Mycorrhizae, symbiotic associations between fungi and plant roots, are essential for enhancing nutrient and water uptake, as well as for
to improve nutrient and water uptake, as well as to increase tolerance to environmental stresses. To maximise the benefits of these associations
it is crucial to know the best time to apply mycorrhizae. This article explores the optimal times to mycorrhizate, emphasising the importance of doing so early in the life of plants.
What are mycorrhizae?
Mycorrhizae are symbiotic relationships where fungi colonise plant roots.
This interaction improves the uptake of nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen, and also helps plants to better tolerate water stress, heat stress, salt stress, soil diseases and insect attack.
Importance of applying mycorrhizae at the right time
Applying mycorrhizae at the right time is crucial to establish an effective relationship between the fungus and the plant. The optimal times for mycorrhizae are those when plant roots are most active and able to form new associations. It is important to understand that mycorrhizae associate with new roots.
Best times for mycorrhizae
During Planting
One of the best times to apply mycorrhizae is at the beginning of a plant’s life, during planting.
life of a plant, during planting. At this stage, the young roots are in full growth and are more receptive to mycorrhizae.
growth and are more receptive to colonisation by mycorrhizal fungi.
Application Methods:
● Seed inoculation: mix the mycorrhizal inoculant with the seeds before sowing. This ensures that the emerging roots come into immediate contact with the fungi.
● Seedline Application: Apply the inoculant directly where the seeds will be sown.
During Transplanting
Another ideal time to mycorrhizate is during transplanting of plants from the nursery to the field.
to the field. Plants at this stage have young root systems that are still developing, which facilitates mycorrhization.
are developing, which facilitates mycorrhizal colonisation.
Application Methods:
● Dipping Roots in Inoculant: Prior to planting, dip the roots of the.
Before planting, immerse seedling roots in a solution of mycorrhizal inoculant.
● Application in the Planting Hole: Place the inoculant in the hole where it will be transplanted.
the hole where the plant is to be transplanted.
At the Beginning of the Growing Season
Applying mycorrhizae at the beginning of the growing season, when plants start their vegetative cycle, can be very beneficial. At this stage, such as sprouting, plants are beginning to develop new roots and can effectively establish mycorrhizal relationships. In established or adult plantations, it is advisable to choose this phenological moment.
Application methods:
● Irrigation with Inoculant: Mix mycorrhizal inoculant with water and apply by irrigation at the base of the plants.
● Granule Application: Spread mycorrhizal granules around the plants and
water to ensure that they are incorporated and come into contact with the roots.
During Soil Preparation
In certain cases, applying mycorrhizae during soil preparation prior to planting or transplanting can also be effective. This allows the inoculant to be evenly distributed in the soil and ready for use.
evenly in the soil and is ready to come into contact with young roots as they grow.
Application Methods:
● Mixing with Compost or Compost: Incorporate the mycorrhizal inoculant into compost or manure before applying to the soil.
● Direct Soil Application: Spread the inoculant on the prepared soil and mix it lightly with the topsoil.
mix it lightly with the topsoil.
Factors to consider for a successful application
Crop Compatibility
Ensuring that the type of mycorrhiza is compatible with the crop is crucial. Arbuscular mycorrhizae are suitable for most (over 90%) agricultural crops, while ectomycorrhizae are more specific for forest species.
Inoculant quality
Using a high quality inoculant with a high concentration of mycorrhizal fungal spores ensures a good colonisation of the mycorrhizal fungi.
mycorrhizal fungal spores ensures effective and beneficial colonisation.
Soil Conditions
It is important to consider soil conditions when applying mycorrhizae. A well aerated soil with good structure facilitates the establishment of mycorrhizae.
Conclusion
The best time to apply mycorrhizae is at the beginning of a plant’s life, or at a time when many new roots are emerging. Either by seed coating, during sowing, transplanting, at the beginning of the growing season (sprouting) or during soil preparation. Applying mycorrhizae at these specific times maximises the likelihood of successful colonisation and ensures that plants can fully benefit from this symbiotic association. By understanding and correctly applying these principles, farmers can improve the health and yield of their crops in a sustainable manner.
